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Delusional disorder is a psychiatric condition in which the patients present with delusions, but with no accompanying prominent hallucinations, thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening of affect.〔Semple.David."Oxford Hand Book of Psychiatry" Oxford Press. 2005. p 230〕〔American Psychiatric Association. (2013). ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', (5th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.〕 Delusions are a specific symptom of psychosis. Delusions can be bizarre or non-bizarre in content.〔 Non-bizarre delusions are fixed false beliefs that involve situations that could potentially occur in real life; examples include being followed or poisoned.〔Hales E and Yudofsky JA, eds, ''The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry'', Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2003〕 Apart from their delusions, people with delusional disorder may continue to socialize and function in a normal manner and their behaviour does not generally seem odd or bizarre.〔Winokur, George."Comprehensive Psychiatry-Delusional Disorder"American Psychiatric Association. 1977. p 513〕 However, the preoccupation with delusional ideas can be disruptive to their overall lives.〔 For the diagnosis to be made, auditory and visual hallucinations cannot be prominent, though olfactory or tactile hallucinations related to the content of the delusion may be present.〔 To be diagnosed with a delusional disorder, the delusion(s) cannot be due to the effects of a drug, medication, or general medical condition, and delusional disorder cannot be diagnosed in an individual previously properly diagnosed with schizophrenia. A person with delusional disorder may be high functioning in daily life, and this disorder bears no relation to one's IQ. According to German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, patients with delusional disorder remain coherent, sensible and reasonable. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines six subtypes of the disorder characterized as erotomanic (believes that someone is in love with them), grandiose (believes that they are the greatest, strongest, fastest, richest, and/or most intelligent person ever), jealous (believes that the love partner is cheating on them), persecutory (delusions that the person or someone to whom the person is close is being malevolently treated in some way), somatic (believes that they have a disease or medical condition), and mixed, i.e., having features of more than one subtype.〔 Delusions also occur as symptoms of many other mental disorders, especially the other psychotic disorders. The DSM-IV, and psychologists, generally agree that personal beliefs should be evaluated with great respect to cultural and religious differences, since some cultures have widely accepted beliefs that may be considered delusional in other cultures. ==Indicators of a delusion== The following can indicate a delusion: # The patient expresses an idea or belief with unusual persistence or force. # That idea appears to have an undue influence on the patient's life, and the way of life is often altered to an inexplicable extent. # Despite his/her profound conviction, there is often a quality of secretiveness or suspicion when the patient is questioned about it. # The individual tends to be humorless and oversensitive, especially about the belief. # There is a quality of ''centrality'': no matter how unlikely it is that these strange things are happening to him, the patient accepts them relatively unquestioningly. # An attempt to contradict the belief is likely to arouse an inappropriately strong emotional reaction, often with irritability and hostility. # The belief is, at the least, unlikely, and out of keeping with the patient's social, cultural and religious background. # The patient is emotionally over-invested in the idea and it overwhelms other elements of their psyche. # The delusion, if acted out, often leads to behaviors which are abnormal and/or out of character, although perhaps understandable in the light of the delusional beliefs. # Individuals who know the patient observe that the belief and behavior are uncharacteristic and alien. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Delusional disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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